BP Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

BP Portfolio - Essay Example In the next section, the study will shed light on issues regarding types of people that are important for the organization, problems being faced by employees in British Petroleum (BP) while negotiating with other people, evaluating impact of mentioned conflict on organizational success and recommendations for addressing people driven conflict situation in BP. According to Huczynski and Buchanan (2010) and Fuller and Marler (2009), organizational effectiveness depends heavily on its ability to manage performance, work attitude and personal attributes of employees. Fuller and Marler (2009) argued that neither do people in the organization perform equally well nor are they considered as equally important, due to difference in skill and competency level. Mullins and Christy (2013) also supported the fact that personality and work attitude of individuals need to match with performance expectation and vision statement of the organization in order to classify those individuals as important. ... According to Schuster’s (2012) report [Helmut Schuster is Group HR Director in BP], human resource department of BP follows five step model to select human capital who can give important and valuable contribution to business success of the company. These five steps can be defined as, 1- attracting best global talent through stringent qualification criteria, 2- providing training and developing skill competency among recruits, 3- deploying diverse succession planning to ensure steady supply of talent pool, 4- managing the motivation of individuals through transparent performance based reward system and 5- engaging employees in knowledge sharing and inclusive organizational culture in order to enhance their contribution level. BP wants certain skill set from the hired such as, strong academic background, ability to grasp technical and cross-functional knowledge effectively, ability to make decisions in contingent and critical situation, coordinating and communicating with other members while working in team and ability to deliver performance in a consistent manner (Schuster, 2012). As per the talent requirements of BP, three types of people may be most effective for the organisation. Type 1- this set of people can be classified as aspirer or individuals, who join BP for achieving materialistic objectives (British Petroleum, 2012). These set of people are ready to follow business objectives and performance of codes of British Petroleum, in non-hesitant manner, for achieving high career growth. As motivation of these employees is driven by financial outcome and career growth, hence it becomes difficult for British Petroleum to retain engagement level of these people in sustainable manner. Type 2- this set of

Explain the principle behind the concept of ''General Average''. What Assignment

Explain the principle behind the concept of ''General Average''. What are the essential elements of the 'York-Antwerp Rules' that define a 'General Average' act - Assignment Example In 1864 the York Rules were developed and this was followed with the Antwerp York Rules of 1877. The York Antwerp Rules were the first codification of the General Average. The elements of the York Antwerp Rules include a common danger, voluntary jettison and effort to save must be successful. General Average has many applications including in marine insurance. Current issues with regard to the application of the General average relate to Piracy. The bone of contention is whether general average can be applied in a case of piracy. There exist guidelines that categorically state a situation in which piracy can be covered by the general average. According to Tetley (2000), the principle of GA (General Average) dates to as far back as 3000 years ago. The Rhodian law that was in existence at around this time embodied the principle of general advantage. The principle read in part that in an effort to make a ship to be light, merchandise may be thrown overboard. It goes ahead to state that, that which has been sacrificed (given) for the benefit of all, then, it shall be restored by the contributions of every one. Currently, a record of the Rhodian law is inexistent. The Roman Law is the only source that captures the Rhodian law. The Roman law was captured, expanded and repeated in the Roles of Oleron. The first English decision that has been recorded in reference to the principle of general average was in the year 1799. The first American decision was in 1798 (Tetley, 2000). This was a maritime law concept both in practice and in origin and it had a very restricted application. With time, the evolution of commerce led to the use of general average as a form of marine insurance. There was sharing of losses and risks during maritime ventures. The cargo owner had a right to claim for losses. The ship owner was also allowed to make claims for compensation for the losses that could not be attributed to his fault. The parties made so many

Irregularities in Othello Essay -- Othello essays

Irregularities in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   The Shakespearean tragedy Othello contains various irregularities of time and occurrence which cause the audience to scratch their head in wonder and doubt. Let us analyze some of these shortcomings in this essay.    In the Introduction to The Riverside Shakespeare Frank Kermode explains one of the difficulties in Othello:    Othello murders his wife on the second night in Cyprus. The difficulty, of which Shakespeare was clearly aware, arises from the fact that this leaves no time for her to have had â€Å"stol’n hours of lust,† certainly not to have enjoyed them repeatedly, as Iago alleges. In such allusions to frequent adultery as III.iii.340-43 and V.ii.211-12, Shakespeare slides over from Short to Long Time very successfully; the audience is not invited to consider that Othello is forgetting that Desdemona was not in the same ship as Cassio, and has had no chance since. We accept it as possible for her to have been unfaithful, though we know she was not. (1199)    Consider the basic plot and what a â€Å"house of cards† it is. Without extreme good luck, such a plot would not be possible. A. C. Bradley, in his book of literary criticism, Shakespearean Tragedy, describes the important â€Å"accidents† that befell the antagonist during his deception of the general:    The skill of Iago was extraordinary, but so was his good fortune. Again and again a chance word from Desdemona, a chance meeting of Othello and Cassio, a question which starts to our lips and which anyone but Othello would have asked, would have destroyed Iago’s plot and ended his life. In their stead, Desdemona drops her handkerchief at the moment most favourable to him, Cassio blunders into the presence of Othe... ...ally to be moving in the right direction. (329)          WORKS CITED    Bradley, A. C.. Shakespearean Tragedy. New York: Penguin, 1991.    Heilman, Robert B. â€Å"Wit and Witchcraft: an Approach to Othello.† Shakespeare: Modern Essays in Criticism. Ed. Leonard F. Dean. Rev. Ed. Rpt. from The Sewanee Review, LXIV, 1 (Winter 1956), 1-4, 8-10; and Arizona Quarterly (Spring 1956), pp.5-16.    Kermode, Frank. Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.    Mack, Maynard. Everybody’s Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1993.    Muir, Kenneth. Introduction. William Shakespeare: Othello. New York: Penguin Books, 1968.    Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.         

Reviews Related To Perineal Hygiene Health And Social Care Essay

The undertaking of reexamining the literature involves the designation, choice, critical analysis and coverage of bing information on subject of involvement. Hence the research worker intended to reexamine the literature available on self attention patterns utilizing both research and non-research stuffs. Singh C ; et Al ( 2010 ) conducted a survey to place the factors associated with enteric parasitosis in rural and urban school kids from 5-14 old ages of age in Kashmir. Personal hygiene was assessed by length of nails, hair, and frequence of bathing. Out of 274 stool samples from rural and 240 samples from urban 214 ( 46.7 % ) pupils had parasitosis. There was higher prevalence of parasitosis among rural orphanhood kids compared to urban orphanhood pupils ( 76 % Vs 48 % P & lt ; or =0.05 ) .highest prevalence of 70 % was seen in the age group of 8-11 old ages 202 pupils were found to hold hapless personal hygiene and parasitosis was higher in them compared to pupils with good personal hygiene ( p & lt ; 0.05 ) . Mpyel C ; et Al ( 2010 ) conducted a survey to find the personal hazard factor associated with trachoma in pre-school kids in Nigeria. Out of 639 kids from 27 small towns were examined. The prevalence of active trachoma was 35.7 % . The presence of flies on the face is independent hazard factor for trachoma. Education on personal hygiene needed to be emphasized with facial cleanliness. Dambhare DG ; et Al ( 2010 ) conducted a cross sectional survey to find prevalence of enteric parasitic infections and its epidemiological correlatives among rural Indian school traveling kids and to happen out the consequence of hygiene instruction on personal hygiene of school kids at Maharashtra, cardinal India. Out of 172 pupils prevalence of enteric parasite infection was 7.76 % . Prevalence was high among those holding hapless manus rinsing pattern ( CI-1.30 ) dirty or uncut nails ( CI0.56 ) . One month after hygiene instruction, there was important alteration in the cardinal personal hygiene behaviour ( p & lt ; 0.05 ) .The proportion of kids holding pattern of manus rinsing with soap after laxation significantly improved. Health instruction on personal hygiene to the school kids was effectual for behavior alteration. Biran A ( 2009 ) conducted a survey to look into the effectivity of hygiene publicity intercession in rural India based on germ consciousness in increasing manus rinsing with soap on cardinal occasions. Hand rinsing was assessed through structured observation on a randomised sample of 30 family per small town. The intercession proved scalable and effectual in raising hygiene consciousness.SECTION-B: REVIEWS RELATED TO HAIR WASH.Sims ; et al. , ( 2011 ) conducted a survey to look into socio economic and personal factors act uponing caput louse infestation from 17 primary school, in Korea. The rate of caput louse infestation was significantly lower in kids who lived together with female parent or in a household. Head louse infestation was higher in kids who washed their caput less frequently.Improvement of socio economic factors and personal hygiene will be helpful for cut downing caput louse infestation. Al-Maktari MT ( 2008 ) conducted a survey to measure the prevalence and human hazard factors associated with caput lice infestation among school kids in Yemen. Out of 860 kids between 6-14 old ages of age 114 kids ( 13.3 % ) were infested with caput lice. Highest infestation was recorded in rural countries ( 20.5 % ) consequences indicated that rural abode, sex, long hair, age group 6-8 old ages, sharing of beds combs, uneducated household, overcrowding were risk factors for the caput lice infestation. Aselik oz ( 2006 ) conducted a survey to look into prevalence of lousiness in the state side of Turkey. The presence of lousiness species was investigated in 178 pupils with an age scope of 6-14 old ages. Head lice seen in 17 positive instances were in the first class. Since personal hygiene is non good developed in this age group.SECTION-C: REVIEWS RELATED TO BRUSHINGKilpatrick NM ( 2012 ) conducted a longitudinal survey of Australian kids to research association between unwritten wellness and four indexs of societal disadvantages: socio economic place ( SEP ) , residential farness, autochthonal position, non-English speech production background. Consequences revealed that lower SEP and autochthonal position were associated with higher odds of hapless unwritten wellness, less accessible location associated with increased cavities experiences and non usage of dental services. Martgnon ; et Al ( 2012 ) conducted a survey to measure unwritten hygiene cognition, attitude and patterns of school kids utilizing picture recorded session and questionnaire at school in Columbia. Out of 146 kids average entire tooth brushing clip was 115 sec. Most kids brushed their maxillary ( 97 % ) , inframaxillary ( 95 % ) , anterior ( 96 % ) and posterior ( 81 % ) .72 % rinsed their teeth.92 % were confident that tooth brushing Sessionss were effectual. Questionnaire revealed merely 34 % is supervised by an grownup and merely 30 % brushed twice a twenty-four hours. Molina ; et Al ( 2012 ) conducted a cross sectional survey of 111 kids go toing simple school in Mexico to measure prevalence of flourosis and dental cavities utilizing methods recommended by WHO. Results revealed flurosis prevalence 52.73 % , cavities prevalence 53.2 % . Dental cavities was associated with frequence of brushing, brushing before kiping and application of fluoride. Yekaninejad MS ( 2012 ) conducted a survey to find the consequence of a school based unwritten wellness instruction plan on Persian children.392 school kids in 6 schools participated. Schools were indiscriminately allocated into 3 groups: comprehensive, pupil and control group. Intervention in comprehensive group consisted of encouraging kids, parents and school staff to increase frequence of brushing and flossing. In the pupil group intercession targeted merely kids. Control group received no intercession. Results revealed alteration in unwritten wellness behaviour, unwritten hygiene and alteration in periodontic indices. Brushing and flossing significantly improved in comprehensive group. Promising consequences were seen when instruction marks both school and place scene. Hietasalo P ( 2005 ) conducted a randomised clinical test to find kids ‘s unwritten wellness related cognition, attitude and belief as forecasters of success in dental cavities control among 493 kids of 11-12 year of age in Finland. Data was based on clinical scrutiny of 2001, 2005 and questionnaire on 2005.Results revealed concern about acquiring decay in one ‘s dentition was associated with cavities increment. Less concerned kid was with new cavities lesion and pits. Children who knew whether their female parent had pits was more likely to command pits than who did non cognize.SECTION-D: REVIEWS RELATED TO HAND WASHSchmidt WP ; et Al ( 2009 ) conducted a cross sectional survey to study in 800 family in Kenya to research cultural restraints that limit better hygiene. A sum of 5182 critical chances for manus rinsing were observed.Results revealed that 25 % washed custodies with soap.32 % adept manus rinsing after faecal taint. There was strong association with media expos ure and hygiene publicity. Curtis VA ; et Al ( 2009 ) reviewed the consequences of formative research surveies from 11 states to understand actuating factors in manus washing.17 % of kid attention takers washed custodies with soap after the lavatory. Hand rinsing were non inculcated at an early age. Key motives for manus rinsing were disgust, raising, comfort and association. `Plans ‘ affecting manus rinsing included to better wellness to learn kids good manners. Lopez-Quientro degree Celsius ; et Al ( 2009 ) conducted a survey on manus rinsing behaviour and intercessions among school kids, Columbia. From 2042students of 6th to 8th class pupils in 25 schools 33.6 % of them ever washed, custodies with soap and clean H2O before feeding and after utilizing toilet.7 % of pupils reported regular entree to lather and clean H2O. Students with proper manus rinsing behaviour were less likely to describe old month GI symptoms. Izadi S ; et Al ( 2006 ) , conducted a survey to find epidemiological of cholera outbreak epidemiological of cholera eruption in Iran. In the instance control survey 90 instances were positive for vibrio cholera. Hazard factors cholera were no manus rinsing with soap after lavatory usage ( CI: 2.63 ) no manus rinsing with soap before repasts ( CI: 1.03 ) illiteracy ( CI: 2.63 ) . Development of primary wellness attention can better conditions that control spread of epidemic. Zerr DM ; et Al ( 2005 ) conducted a survey to measure the effectivity of manus hygiene in forestalling infirmary associated rotavirus infection in kids ‘s infirmary in USA. After the manus hygiene plan the overall manus hygiene conformity improved from 62 % to 81 % ( p & lt ; 0.001 ) . The rate of infirmary associated rota virus infection decreased from 5.9 episodes per 1000 discharged patients to 2.2 episodes ( p= 0.01 ) Yalasin SS ; et Al ( 2004 ) conducted a survey to measure how and when school pupils washed their custodies and to observe conditions affect manus rinsing with likert graduated table in Turkey. Out of 1074 pupils 42.4 % had proper basic manus wash. Female sex life at place, high cognition degree and urban school were associated with high proper basic manus wash. Lessons on manus lavation and catching disease should be given.SECTION-E: REVIEWS RELATED TO BATHINGMohammed AL ( 2010 ) conducted a cross sectional survey to measure the related factors of caput lice infestation in school kids at Jordan. Out of 394 schools 1550 kids were screened. 412 ( 26.6 % ) were infected with lice, consequence showed important confirmation in caput lice by factors such as frequence of hair rinsing per hebdomad, and bathing per hebdomad. Bettering personal hygiene might significantly cut down lousiness capitis in school kids at Jordan. Albashtawg M ; et Al ( 2010 ) conducted a cross sectional survey to measure the prevalence of lousiness capitis and hazard factors for infestation. Among 1550 primary school kids prevalence of lousiness capitis was 26.6 % . Frequency of hair lavation, bathing and sharing of articles were significantly associated with infestation ( p & lt ; 0.001 ) . Plans are needed to increase consciousness of lousiness capitis and importance of good personal hygiene. Egimol RI ; et Al ( 2008 ) conducted a survey to measure effects of intercessions to advance manus rinsing on diarrheal episodes in kids and grownups. Eight tests were establishment based, five were community based and one was in a high hazard group. Intervention advancing manus rinsing resulted in a 29 % decrease in diarrheal episodes in establishments in high income states and 31 % decrease in episodes in low or in-between income states. Hand rinsing can cut down diarrhea episode significantly. Wagbatsome VA ; et Al ( 2008 ) conducted a cross sectional descriptive survey to measure the consequence of hygienic patterns on enteric helminthes load of primary school kids in Nigeria. Out of 384 participants 77 ( 21.1 % ) of students were infected with one or more helminthes ova. students in public school were more septic 74 ( 30.8 % ) than those in private schools 5 ( 3.8 % ) . Regular manus rinsing with soap reduced the prevalence of heliminthiasis. Wahl E ; et Al ( 2007 ) studied the eruption of Giardia in Norway in 23 kid attention centres. Out of 12 verified instances 9 had clinical stomach flu. Stool samples were collected from all kids 44 % were infected. Washing custodies after lavatory and before nutrient were possibilities identified. Karim SA ; et Al ( 2007 ) conducted a community based survey among kids from 6 residential Islamic instruction institutes in Dhaka to measure the personal hygiene of kids among 492 kids. Among them 55.1 % of their male parents had low paid laboring occupations, 99 % of kids ‘s female parents were house married womans 98 % of kids had itchs. They had hapless personal hygiene: bathed infrequently. Disease badness and re-infections were associated with infrequent lavation of apparels, overcrowding, infrequent bathing ( p & lt ; 0.001 ) with soap ( P & lt ; 0.001 ) Immediate attending should be given to battle itchs and to salvage 1000s of kids from impending complications.SECTION-F: REVIEWS RELATED TO PERINEAL HYGIENEVivas AP ; et Al ( 2010 ) conducted a survey to measure the Knowledge, attitudes and patterns ( KAP ) of hygiene among school kids in Ethiopia, Among 669 pupils. Consequences showed Approximately 52 % of pupils were classified as holding equal cognition of proper hygiene. Most pupils reported manus rinsing before repasts ( 99.0 % ) , but merely 36.2 % reported utilizing soap. Although 76.7 % of pupils reported that rinsing custodies after laxation was of import, merely 14.8 % reported really following this pattern. Students with equal cognition of proper hygiene were more likely to hold clean apparels ( AOR 1.62, CI 1.14-2.29 ) and to hold a lower hazard of parasitic infectionMc mohan ; etal ( 2009 ) conducted a survey to measure anal cleaning patterns and fecal taint in schools in rural Kenya. Six focal point group treatments were held with male childs and misss ages 12-15 in three rural schools. Consequences revealed that Anal cleansing behavior is linked with entree to stuffs, age, societal force per unit area, perceived personal hazard of unwellness and emotional factors. Materials used for anal cleaning include schoolbook paper, leaves, grasses, rocks, corn cob and one ‘s ain custodies. Students have knowledge spreads in footings of perineal hygiene. Almost no schools budgeted for or provided anal cleaning stuffs on a regular basis.Betancour AB, Amel LA ( 2007 ) conducted a epidemiological study among 883 pupils from 5 to 6 old ages of simple instruction in Argentina to happen out the hazard factors for e-coli infections in school kids. Merely 30.2 % of pupils washed their custodies after traveling to the lavatory and merely 43.5 % reported manus rinsing before eating. Institutional model must supply necessary resource to implement alteration and stress the importance of personal hygiene.SECTION-G: REVIEWS RELATED TO EFFECTIVENESS OFEducational PROGRAM ON SELF CARE.Patel MK ; et Al ( 2012 ) conducted a survey to measure effectivity of intercession on hygiene patterns in rural Kenya, under Centre for Disease Control, baseline information from 42 schools were collected. Comparison of consequence of the betterment in proper manus rinsing technique after the school plan was introduced. Consequences revealed lessening in the average per centum of pupils of pupils with acute respiratory unwellness among those exposure to the plan on hygiene patterns. Lang MC ( 2012 ) conducted a survey to measure the evidence-based hygiene public wellness enterprise in simple schools of Ghana.All 4 take parting schools gained the necessary resources to transport out proper manus hygiene pattern. Furthermore students were more likely to rinse custodies after utilizing lavatories singular result is that school kids were the inductions of a behavior alteration in their community. Anderson ME, et Al ; ( 2012 ) conducted a survey to measure the effectivity of manus hygiene patterns and the impact of manus hygiene intercessions. Hand hygiene conformity was 58 % ( 340/583 ) .Verbal manus hygiene reminders had important positive association with manus hygiene conformity. Findingss suggest that active, instead than inactive intercessions are more effectual for increasing conformity. Schulte JM ; et Al ( 2012 ) presented the probe of eruption of gastro-intestinal unwellness in Texas 10 % of pupils in the school edifice were sick and 15 families had secondary instances. Installing liquid soap in pupils ‘ room was initial control step followed by sustained establishment in manus rinsing scheduled manus rinsing times and supervising cleansing processs. Enhanced surveillance detected no new instances in the school territory. Holyogke D ( 2010 ) provinces in his article â€Å" commanding hapless manus hygiene to better manus rinsing † on how a group of 3rd twelvemonth Child wellness nursing pupils at university of wolver Hampton examined the manner they perceived manus rinsing. During 3 twenty-four hours workshop pupils moved from sing manus rinsing as a simple act of hygiene to seeing it as a societal behaviour. Zacharia S ; et Al ( 2005 ) conducted a cross sectional survey in Kerala, India to measure sustainability of changed hygiene behaviour after hygiene publicity intercession in places. Good manus lavation was reported in more than half of intercession country. but & lt ; 10 % in control country. Participating in hygiene publicity categories were significantly associated with good hygiene. ( OR 2.04, CI 1.05-3.96 ) .Hygiene publicity is a cost effectual intercession.

From God to Hell Marlowe’s Attempts to Condemn the...

Marlowe’s attempts to condemn the Questioning of Religious Authority Religion’s role in shaping Western civilization is crucial in understanding the evolution of mankind. Firstly, religion was the primary agent of social construction in the early developments of today’s modern states since it used to provide all of the answers to men. Consequently, the studies of theology and the principal role of the church in states was a common trend among western nations. States enforced the study of religion and played an active role in protecting it from possible threats, as seen by the Inquisition and the banning of texts during the sixteenth century. Once scientific thought began to gain popularity in these nations, society found itself questioning†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, the fact that Marlowe includes such characters to weigh in the actions of the protagonist signals a clear notion of right and wrong. Faustus’ actions are at fault because they stray from tradition and challenge order and through the Good angel, his acti ons are furthered denounced. Yet, some readers may challenge the view that the purpose of the Good angel is to denounce Faustus’ course of action. Nevertheless, the Good angel results in a clear principle of the correct and incorrect within Faustus’ decision to invoke the devil, which connects through society’s choice of religion over science because of the notion that God is at the center of everything and straying from this results in eternal damnation. Additionally, Marlowe’s angels aim to show Faustus as a divided man. While one is reminding the character of how straying from God’s path will result in damnation, the Bad Angel lures Faustus to seek pleasures and power. When saying, â€Å"think of honor and of wealth,† (Marlowe 20) the Bad angel implies that God provides no honor and riches for man. Moreover, God limits men to reach honor and wealth and this should motivate Faustus’ to take matters into his own hands and seek power in another source. When deciding to invoke the devil, Faustus signals God’s inability to satisfy his ambitions. Scholars such as Paul Catherall claim, â€Å"the restless spirit of the Renaissance is reflected in the acts Faustus performs† (Catherall). Basically, his

September 11 and Role Of Media - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2462 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: 9/11 Essay Did you like this example? Media helped to make the differences in these memories not so different as their individual memories were influenced as they discovered more information from the media. Robert continued in saying, when I was finally able to go back to New York City, a city I had loved all my life, I have an image in my head that I will never get out. The towers werent there anymore, it was a painful thing to see, it was a frightening thing to see, and it was an awing thing to see. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "September 11 and Role Of Media" essay for you Create order You know you hear people say I cant believe my eyes, well that was certainly one of those days. Something I had looked up to and wanted to work in all my life, was suddenly gone (Taddeo, Robert). These images that the media displayed repetitively as a way to remember the devastation, individuals had seen up close and personal. For them, the medias repetition triggered their individual memories, some more extreme than others ranging from triggering severe PTSD or the mere recollection of the events that have impacted their life. The media caused those individual memories to be heightened by the constant repetition of the suffering they endured that day by the media. The September 11 terrorist attacks were one of the most memorable events in United States history due to the fact that it was one of the most documented events, as professional news crews, filmmakers, videographers, and photographers stood in the middle of the chaos to catch documentation of the event in the evolving media age. In a survey that asked Americans, aged 18 and older, to name the top ten events they believed impacted America within their lifetime, 76 percent of all Americans named 9/11 as one of the most significant (Wilkinson, James). The overwhelming amount of media coverage surrounding the attacks created a generated a sense of national unity as people were glued to the visual images of the crashing planes and huge dark clouds of smoke that took over the television networks. The media broadcasting of the events unified the memories of the public as millions watched the same videos and heard the same stories, which become ingrained in their memory. The intense media broadcastings have become so entrenched in the minds of the American people that it still resonates with them as one of the most impactful events in U.S. history. For those who actually witnessed the event, these traumatizing images will be forever ingrained into their memory as they deal with the nightmares and psychological trauma for years to follow. However, thanks to the media, those who werent physically there can still have those haunting images ingrained into their memory as if they were there. The September 11 terrorist attacks led to a dispe rse of shocking global media events that dominated public attention and provoked reams of discourse, reflection, and writing (Kellner, Douglas). The media gave the public the idea that they witnessed these events, when in reality they learned about it through television. The fact the public learned about the attacks through the media have shaped the way the event has been perceived. The images and discourses of television networks framed the 9/11 attacks to stir up war hysteria, while they carefully planned and executed media spectacles. The mass media coverage of the attacks allowed those who were glued to their television screens to have the I was there kind of feeling. This is extremely powerful in how the remembrance of the event was shaped. Kellner argues that the media spectacles that came after the attacks were intended to terrorize the US, attack symbolic targets, unfold a terror spectacle, as well as to undermine the U.S. and global economy (Kellner, Douglas). The media utilized the dramatic images to grab the nations attention, as people couldnt take their eyes off their television screens, thus creating widespread panic. No matter where you were during the attack, the images of the buildings bursting into flames and crumbling to the ground, people jumping out the windows as their only hope of survival, and chaos around the city created a sense of fear throughout the nation. The media contributed to the growing fear that no one was safe, as the nation could be subject to another attack anywhere at any time. The media greatly dramatized the attacks as they replayed images over and over and overemphasized the events. As time went on after, by still broadcasting the traumatizing images over and over again, the media contributed to the formation of the collective memory of 9/11 as those who werent there were able to have these powerful images resonating in their mind for years to come as if they were there. The media coverage of the September 11 attacks consisted of mostly televised media, which promoted a dramatic emotional response throughout the United States. The fact that the attack was broadcasted live in real time where people could visually see the destruction with their own eyes triggered fear. Televised media coverage is a hotter form than printed media because it engages more of the publics senses, which requires much less thought and imagination about the event because the events are being portrayed right in front of you (Mitnik, 11). Having read about the attack in a news article would have still caused concern from the public, but seeing the events unfold in real time on television had a much stronger immediate impact on the publics reaction. The televised media coverage is really what instilled mass panic spreading across the nation as it promoted fear of terrorism. The media delivered the message that the United States was under attack and that the American public should be afraid. The mass amount of televised media coverage surrounding the 9/11 terrorist attacks contributed to the formation of collective memory of the event as it led to a universal fear of terrorism and feelings of vulnerability. While some had the unfortunate opportunity of directly experiencing the attack first hand, the rest of the public experienced it indirectly through the media coverage. As a result, the media stirred up reactions from the public as they watched the events unfold on television. The overwhelming amount of fear caused by the media portrayal of the attacks instilled chaos and concern for the fundamentals of American society. In an interview, Robert tells how Seeing the repeating photos of the devastation and catastrophic events, and the constant mention of the terrorist activities instilled the idea that there could be more to come, it was an alarming and frightening thing, so it impacted my day to day life for a while (Taddeo, Robert). The media instilled a type of fear in Americans that impacted their everyday life. For many, it served as a wakeup call that the United States isnt such a glorified, protected bubble and that anything can happen at any time. Rather than forming their own beliefs about the event, the media told the public that they should be scared, and they should go about life differently. This caused a disruption of American lives and threatened American institutions. The media served as the communication of individual memories of the attacks to the public which then led to the creation of the collective memory of the tragic events that occurred. Typically, media outlets all have differing opinions as they all represent conflicting political and personal viewpoints but in this case all of the networks were in unison, as they delivered the facts of the event to the public. For once, the networks were not focused on competing with one another. Rather, they were focused on getting their facts right. F or example, for CBS News it didnt matter to the CBS organization if they were first to report news, but instead CBS was concerned only with getting the story right (Nisbet, Matt). Usually, all of the networks are focused on competing to get the story out first but such a tragic attack on the nation actually unified the networks, which does not happen often. CBS even revealed that the news organizations were sharing footage of the events with each other (Nisbet, Matt). News networks rarely share their information with competing networks because they all want to have the exclusive story. In this case, the reporters were Americans too and they did not care about fighting for the story exclusives. They were able to put their competition aside and focus on making sure that the public was informed about what was going on by reporting accurate facts and stories. As a result, the public remembered the events the same because millions of people watched the same information covered on varying media networks. Rather then their memory being skewed based on what media outlet they chose to receive their information from, everyone was given the same information. Robert tells his memory of the media coverage as being very unified and informative. No matter what media outlet you were watching, there were no opinions involved it was just showing what was going on with the goal of relaying information to the people (Taddeo, Robert). This was a very rare site to see with the different media outlets. Even with big events that capture the whole nation like this, the outlets tend to differ based on their political views and opinions. But, with such a tragic event they were American citizens first this time and reporters second, as they were just as scared and eager to find out more information as the rest of the public. Covering this event was an extremely important task for media outlets because they served as the direct form of communication to the public. The public formed a collective memory based of the information that the media outlets gave them, which was unified by the media outlets reporting in unity. Although the attacks created mass devastation, the media coverage eventually led to an immense amount of patriotism and unity across the United States. In the weeks following, the public was in agreement that the groups that were held responsible for the terrorist attacks were a common enemy. After the initia l shock began to wear off, Many Americans reacted to the assaults with a renewed and aggressive patriotism, which included displaying the flag, but with deeper manifestations, which was showcased all over the media networks (Jameson, John). At this time, media outlets began to unify the United States as people started to make sense of what had happened. It became clear that the people of the United States were not going to let those held responsible take away the spirit and pride of Americans. In an editorial in the Chillicothe (Ohio) Star, about a year after the attacks, 9/11 was described as the day that America discovered itself. How strong and united a great people can be when confronted with great evil and put to the ultimate test of survival (Jameson, John). The relentless media coverage of the attacks created an important cultural meaning for the nation, as it led to 9/11 becoming a major part of the background behind the culture of the United States. The initial response of the public was fear, but as time went on the fear died down and the feelings of anger and rage toward those held responsible were fueled. As a result, the media links the collective memory of 9/11 to an instilled sense of patriotism. The media also started to shift the publics attention to the people responsible, shifting political ideologies as people began to form their own political opinions regarding Muslims and those associated with al-Qaeda. As anger grew toward those who were held responsible for the attacks, Americans formed generalized stereotypes and negative feelings for all Palestinians, Muslims, and Israelis as they became considered the enemy of the United States. The media instilled the idea that the victims of the attack were murder victims rather th an war casualties and the perpetrators should be killed in battle. The media is the reason for why the American public collectively associated Muslims and Islamists with terrorism. This media created a frame of vengeance the publiccategorized the victims as individuals, but the perpetrators as a group, and was associated with even stronger support for a military response than a frame that viewed that attack purely in the context of war (Mitnik, 13). The way the media framed the terrorist acts of September 11 contributed to the pouring of outcry that action needs to be taken against the terrorists. The media portrayed the Middle East as the harboring for terrorism and hatred for the United States. The media also served to place blame on Muslims as the offenders, which shifted ideologies of many Americans. The extensive media coverage had a major influence of 9/11 becoming a long lasting tragedy, as it is has been imbedded into the culture of the United States. The United States will forever be fundamentally changed, which was shown through the changes in law enforcement, air travel laws and regulations, and American fundamental. Some of the change was physically seen, such as the fact that the amount of surveillance and safety precautions had increased dramatically. This ranged from changes in taking off your shoes at the airport to stricter deportation enforcements. The nations overall attitudes and outlook have changed, especia lly with concerns of safety and privacy. The media serves as a link between the worlds individual and collective memories of the September 11 attacks through the intense amount of coverage from the day of the attacks. The 9/11 attacks were the most documented event in United States history and, as a result, had the largest long-term impact on the nation. Without the work of the media, the attack would not have been seen on such a wide scale and thus would not have led to the widespread drastic reactions that it did. As the years continue to pass, memories associated with 9/11 continue to be solidified through the work of the media. Although the coverage has slowed down since 2001, there will continue to be coverage of the attack for generations to come. The topic is talked about so often and broadcasted so much that it has become extremely common for individuals to mistake their personal memories with information they have learned about on television over the years. The events of this tragedy will be passed down from generation to generation as it has become a part of the culture of the United States. The impact of the intense televised media coverage throughout the past seventeen years since the day of the attack, has served as the linkage between individual memories of 9/11 into the formation of collective memory as individual stories are told and made into a generalized shared cultural knowledge. The extensive role of the media has shaped the shared cultural knowledge of the September 11 attacks through the exploration and commemoration of those who experienced the tragedy first hand.

Life Lessons (Book Review) Essay - 672 Words

Annie Thermidor Life Lessons from Elizabeth Kubler-Ross and David Kessler. Main theme: In this book, Dr. Elizabeth Kubler-Ross teamed up with end-of-life specialist David Kessler to write for the first time about life and living. The authors present fourteen lessons passed on to us from the dying to help us deal better with the issues we face in life. Both authors consider the dying as great teachers because, its when we are pushed to the edge of life that we see life more clearly (Kessler Kubler-Ross, 2000, p15). Rather than writing in one unitary voice, the two authors speak separately on personal experiences and case histories, with each writers portion of text starting with their initials. Each lesson is†¦show more content†¦It should be a priority for us to refocus our lives daily, so that when the time comes there is no regret but only peace of mind. The two authors present us with the idea of authentic self, one that is not defined by our health, accomplishments, status or possessions. We can channel it by removing all of the excess and learning the truth about ourselves. There is a part of you that is indefinable and changeless, that does not get lost or change with age, disease, or circumstances. There is an authenticity you were born with, have lived with, and will die with. (p25). How it relates to individual cultural beliefs and practices: The authors do not delve as much on each patients culture but they speak overall about the type of culture we live in. They more address our American culture and its view of death. We have all been thought unconditional love well Recommendation: Being a self-help book junkie, I really anticipated reading this book. Its a very thought-provoking book. It helps you take a step back and reexamine issues in your life. Overall, it was a great and quick read. Some of the lessons I was not able to grasp while some I had already gain awareness of from my own experiences and readings. Some of the stories left me indifferent whereas others were very poignant and hit close to home. I would recommend it to any student to read as a closure to our class.Show MoreRelatedLife Cycle Of Pumpkins : Goals And Objectives Essay1004 Words   |  5 Pages I Lesson/Unit Title Life Cycle of Pumpkins I. Goals and Objectives A. Lesson Goals 1(a), 1SEI(a) What are the goals for this lesson? †¢ Students will be able to recount the cycle of a pumpkin. †¢ Students will organize cycle stages in a group. How do the lesson goals integrate with unit goals? †¢ The goals focus on how pumpkins grow Why are the lesson goals suitable for this group of students? †¢ Students are learning about pumpkins and they’ll learn how the growsRead MoreTuesdays with Morrie Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesCassandra Stephens December 3, 2012 Psy. 120- Book Review Professor Dr. Priebe Summary: Tuesdays with Morrie, was based on a true story about friendship and lessons learned. It’s about a sports writer, Mitch and former sociology professor, Morrie, who is in his last days of life after being diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and their rekindled relationship after many years. They first met on the campus grounds at Brandeis University. This never forgotten relationship wasRead MoreTeaching Students to Understand Reading 741 Words   |  3 Pageshistorical contexts for cause and effect and sequencing, the third day will use science to explain why sequencing is important, and the final day will focus on how personal behaviors can have different effects on the classroom and school. Each day my lessons will delve deeper into the meaning of cause and effect. By the end of the week, my students should be able to explain how their own behaviors affect the classroom and school. The students will work on building their own stories using different causeRea d More5-Day Lesson Plan1065 Words   |  5 PagesGrade 7 Room 5 Oceans What is the origin of the ocean? What is an ocean/sea? What are the characteristics of the ocean? MEAP BENCHMARKS: I.1.MS.5, II.1MS.1, II.1.MS.2, V.1.MS.1 DISTRICT OUTCOMES: DPS Pacing Chart LESSON OBJECTIVE: SWBAT – 1. Understand and critique the theories on the origin of the ocean. 2. Utilize world map to identify the seven continents and five oceans. 3. Label and match oceans to the connecting/corresponding continent. 4. Compile a topographicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Sherman Alexie s Lone Ranger And Tonto Fistfight Heaven 1598 Words   |  7 PagesIn all mediums of storytelling alike, there is always the question of if the author is being truthful about the information they are giving. This includes the lessons told through the story of morality in fiction, historical fiction, or anything related to such topics. Consequently, most books read in popular culture have a lesson; novels are a form of education. An example of this has been shown through Sherman Alexie’s Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven. In this novel, he attempts to shedRead MorePerformance Indicators Essay1602 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance indicators After this lesson plan is successfully completed, students will be able to recognize that health behaviors impact their personal health and well-being. Students will also be able to describe simple ways to prevent communicable diseases, like properly washing hands, or covering one’s sneeze or cough. Learning these simple personal care routines should allow students to live a sustainable livelihood and enhance their individual well-beings. Life skills Keeping hands clean is oneRead MoreSeason Your Data with Theory and Common Sense in Nate Silvers Book, Signal and The Noise1343 Words   |  6 Pagesforecasting lesson from â€Å"The Signal and The Noise.† The Signal and The Noise book is about the overwhelming proliferation of data and how so much of that data can produce more noise (garbage) than the signal (truth). The book told us how to find the truth amidst all the noise and the value of seasoning your data with theory and common sense. The author of the book, Nate Silver, provides a number of practical lessons that are extendable and very applicable to supply chain forecasting. Lesson number oneRead MoreHistorical Thinking And Other Unnatural Acts1047 Words   |  5 PagesKent Robertson HIS 6632 – Ritter Wineburg Book Review March 17, 2017 Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts This week’s topic was the book Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts by Sam Wineburg. There is an old quote that states â€Å"Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it† (Santanya, 2006). This has long been the worry of educators and policy makers in the United States, how should history be taught and what parts of history are the best to teach? The focus ofRead MoreAesops Fables as Childrens Literature1686 Words   |  7 Pageshave selected for my research paper is Aesops Fables and the reason for selecting this topic is my interest in the field of literature and importance of storytelling in the life of young school going children in order to develop their intellectual and emotional power. In this paper, I will explore many facts about the lessons any story has in it. Problem statement: This research mainly focuses on answering the question that either Aesops fables are only for children or not? Is it only for youngRead MoreThomas Research Outline Paper NBST 5151062 Words   |  5 PagesBible Study Lesson Outlines Length of the study: 40 minutes per lesson NBST 515 Dr. David Mappes Objective Overview: This series lessons looks at the life of one of the disciples of Jesus, Thomas. He is best known to us today as â€Å"Doubting Thomas.† In this study we will examine not only the character of Thomas but also the subjects of doubt and faith. Lesson I - Thomas: An Introduction Opening Illustration: This lesson looks at the life of Thomas. The